Improvement in dies for making washers



BEIGE.

arena GEORGE V. llLLINGS, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

IMPROVEMENT IN DIES FOR MAKING WASHERS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 116,541, dated July 4, 1871.

To all whom it may concern lie it known that I, Gnonen W. BILLING s, of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of .lliinois, have invented certain new and Improved Dies for Making Washers, which invention was patented in England and France June 16, 1870, and September 3, 1870, respectively and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and complete description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawing making part of the same.

Figure l is a side view of the female die. Fi 2 is a plan view. Fig. 3 is a side view of the male die. Fig. 4 is a modificatirm of Fig. .3. Fig. 5 is a transverse vertical section of the male and female dies. Fig. (5 is a view of a washer made by the dies.

Like letters of reference refer to like parts in the several views.

The nature of this invention relates to a pair of forming dies; and the object thereof is to make concavo-convex elastic washers from a plain piece otmetahof the proper size and thicl'mess for the washer, which is laid upon theiace oi the female die, and pressed in and through it by the male die, as hereinaiter more fully described and set forth.

in the drawing, Fig. l represmits a side view of the lower or female die, and of which Fig. 2 is a top view. Said die consists of a piece of steel, A, having in the middle thereof a hole, B, whose diameter is equal to that of the washer shown in Fig. ii. The upper part of the hole is made flaring and slightly rounding, as shown at C, Fig. 5, whereas the iowcr partis st aiglit, as shown. Fig. 53 shows a side view of the upper or male die, the end I) of which is rounded, so that it is of the shape of the inside of the washer. Fronithe cndot'thc upper die projects a center, E, the, purpose of which will presently be shown As aforesaid, the purpose of the above-described die is for making elastic colleave-convex washers, said *ashers being used for railwayrail splices, and other purposes where the nuts on the bolts are liable to be jarred off, and for which a patent was granted to me in 1869.

The practical operation of the dies as follows: A heated disk of steel, of the proper size for the washer, and having a holepunched therein for the admission of the bolt, is laid on the face of the lower die. The semicircular collar Cr serves as a guard to keep the disk exactly over the opening in the die. As the. upper die descends the center E enters the hole in the disk and keeps it cent -al with the lower die, whereas the end I) of the upper die forces the disk down into the lower one, which, in consequence of the resistance of the disk, in being forced down into the die, it assumes the shape, on the inside, of that of the end 1) of the upper die, as shown in Fi 6; and by its pressure against the sides of the lower die it is strained over it. to a degree that the excess of metal, which is equal to the diiference of the diameter of the upper and lower side of the opening or hole B in the lower die, is crowded into the rim H of the washer, thereby making it alittle thicker at the rim, and gradually decreasingto the hole to the original thickness of the plate or disk, as shown in the transverse vertical section, Fig. 5. The washer on being pushed down through the upper die slightly expands, while, on the reaction of the upper die it is forced therefrom by being drawn against the under side of the die, from which it falls into a receptacle provided for that purpose. By this means the aforesaid washers are readily and smoothly made, and of a uniformity insize, with an increase of metal in the rim of the washer, so that the crown is thinner than the rim, and is elastic.

The washers thus made have an even peripheral edge, H, and are intended to be used on plain flat surfaces, as the splice-plates ofrailwayrails, joints, Ive. But it is sometimes necessary to use this class of washers on a rounded surface; hence to adapt the edge of the washer to such a surface it requires to be made more or less curving, as the curve of the plate or surface on which it is to lie may demand. To thus form the edge of the washer, the male or upper die is made with a eurvin shoulder, I, Fig. 4, which, as it forces the washer down into' the lower die, will form the edge thereof curving, and thus cause it to fit on a rounded surface when so required.

I claim- The male die provided with the mandrel or center E, iointl y with the female die provided with the flange C, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

\Vitnesses: GEO. \V. BILLINGS.

J. H. Binnnnen, 1). L. IIUMPIIREY. 

